Paper and method of making



Jan. 15, 1935. R. A. HAYWARD PAPER AND METHOD OF MAKING Filed Sept. 6,1932 lNlzNTOR (0M /7. flayw j I TTOR/VE VS Patented Jan. 15, 19351,987,901

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE rsraa AND amnion or MAKING Ralph A. Hayward,Parchment, Mich, assignor to Kalamuoo Vegetable Parchment Company,Parchment, Mich.

Application'September 6, 1932.501! No. 631,794

' 13 Claims. (01. 92-540) The main objects of this invention are: fiberswith a filler. I have attemptedto illus- First, to provide an improvedpaper which trate the sheet or web inFig. 3 as being porous, has arelatively small amount of fibrous stock or which is its normalcondition as coming from paper stock and at the same time is strong, thedrying cylinders 2, that is, there are sub- 5 opaque and well adaptedfor use in printing. stantial spaces or interstices between the fibers,5 Second, to provide an improved paper which and at 50 I have attemptedto illustrate the poris particularly desirable for use in the making 01'tion 01 the web that has passed through the waxed paper for wrappers andthe like and is not rollers as filled or impregnated so that the spacesrendered transparent by the wax. between the fibers are closed and thesheet ren- Third, to provide an economical paper well dered opaque.adapted for printing. I have found very satisfactory a filler mate-Fourth, to provide a method 01' making paper rial consisting of gumarabic, glycerin, water and which permits very rapid and economical proapigment .such as fine clay or lithophone coni-' duction of paper havingthe advantages above bined into a paste-like colloidal solution. The

set forth. gum arabic, glycerin andwater may be combined 15 Firth, toprovide a method of making paper in the proportion of 12 pounds of gumarabic, which may be practiced on paper making ma- 12 pounds ofglycerin, and 25 pounds water, chines now in extensive use withcomparatively .which results in a water soluble varnish. The slightmodification or change in the structure clay or lithophone is thenground into this vethereof. hicle into a stable suspended condition or001- 20 Objects pertaining to details and economies loidal solution.Lithophone is a' trade name of my invention will definitely'appear fromthe for a mixture of zinc sulphide and barium suldescription to follow.The invention is defined phate.. When this material is used it istreated and pointed out in the claims. the same as the clay.

The manner of carrying out my invention is A starch or glucose vehiclemay be employed 25 illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in insteador the gum arabic vehicle, the object which: being to provide somevehicle which will. with Fig. 1 is a conventional illustration of apaper the pigment, form a colloidal solution. making machine orapparatus embodying my This filler material is applied to both sides ofinvention. 1 the web just before it passes between the pres- 30 Fig. 2is an enlarged fragmentary viewshowsure rollers '6 and 7. A spray pipe10 is shown ing the relation of the apparatus which may be above the webto discharge thereon while a employed in'practicing my invention ormethod spray pipe 11 is shown below to discharge upon I 1 to other partsof the paper making machine, the roller 7 by which it is carried up tothe such parts being shown conventionally. under side of the web'sothat, when the web 35 33 Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary viewilluspasses between the rollers, it carries the filler trating one stepof my improved method, a web material which is forced by the heavypressure or sheet of paper greatly enlarged in thickness 01' the rollersbetween the fibers and very combeing shown in relation to theimpregnating pletely fills the spaces between the same. These 4Orollers. rollers 6 and 7 shouldbe of non-yielding mate- 40 Inthe'aocompanying drawing 1 represents the rial and I have successfullyemployed steel rollforming portion of a paper making machine, 2 ers. Asthere are several thousand pounds pres- I a set of drying rollers, 3 asecond set of drying sure at the nip or bite point between therollrollers, and 4 a calender or stack of calenderers and as the fillermaterial is in a colloidal ing rollers. The web of paper is indicated at5. state it is'not pressed out of the vehicle but is 45 In this machineor apparatus illustrated I forced into the substantially dry web orsheet, interpose a coacting pair of pressure rollers 6 very completelyand effectively filling the same. and 7 between the sets .of dryingcylinders or The fiber is not displaced or broken so the full rollers 2and 3, guide rollers 8 and 9 being assostrength of the paper isretained. At the same ciated with the rollers 6 and 7 to guide the webtime the sheet is rendered opaque and a good 5 between them. printingsurface provided.

The web 01' paper'5 is formed and dried to The sheet is especiallydesirable for use in substantial dryness by the first set of dryingcylthe manufacture of waxed paper as the opaqueinders 2. The sheet orweb is then impregnated .ness is not destroyed by the application of theit so as to till the spaces or interstices between the wax. Further,where a white pigment is used 56 Kai-v the sheet is a clear white and isnot discolored as sometimes results from the application of wax.

It is desirable that the sheet be substantially dry at the time ofimpregnation and it is then dried by passing through the second set ofdrying rollers. It may be calendered as part of a continuous papermaking operation.

This method permits very high speed on the machine, as high as 800 feetper minute having been run with good results. This has not been foundpossible so far as I am aware in producing ordinary paper for fineprinting. a

The filler is forced into the web, or the web is impregnated, asdistinguished from a surface coating such as is commonly employed onbook" papers.

- It will be understood that my improved paper is not designed orintended to have all the qualities of coated paper as the ordinarycoated paper has a surface coating, whereas, my paper is impregnatedwith a material that fills the interstices thereof without dislocatingor destroying the fibers. As stated, the paper is highly desirable as aneconomical printing paper and is especially desirable for waxing.

Having thus described my invention what I.

claim as new and desire to secure by letters Patent is:

l. The method of making paper consisting of forming and. drying the web,applying a filler material in colloidal suspension to both sides of theweb, and passing the web between nonyielding pressure rollers wherebythe filler material is forced into the interstices between the fibersand filling and impregnating the same throughout.

2. The method of making paper consisting of forming the web, drying, andapplying a filler material in colloidal suspension to the web andforcing the filler into interstices between the fibers and substantiallyfilling and closing the same by rolling contact pressure. a

3. The art of making paper consisting of applyin a filler material incolloidal suspension to both sides of a dry sheet or web, passing be;tween nonresilient pressure rolls whereby the filler material is forcedinto the interstices of the sheet or web and filling and impregnatingthe same throughout. 4. The method of making paper consisting of formingand drying the web, app yi a colloidal solution consisting of gumarabic, glycerin and water and a pigment to both sides of the web andthen passing the web between non-yielding pressure rollers whereby it issubjected to high pressure, drying, and calendaring.

5. The method of making paper consisting of forming and drying the web,applying a colloidal solution consisting of gum arabic. glycerin and,

water and a pigment to both sides of the'web and then passing the webbetween non-yielding pressure rollers, whereby it is subjected to highpressure.

6. The art of making paper consisting of applying a filler in colloidalsuspension to both sides of a dry sheet or web, and passin betweennon-resilient pressure rollers whereby the filler is forced into thespaces between the fibers and filling such spaces and impregnating thesheet throughout. a

7. The art of making paper consisting of applying filler material incolloidal suspension to a dry sheet or web and forcing the material intothe spaces between the fibers and filling the same, drying andcalendering.

8. The art of making paper consisting of applying filler material incolloidal suspension to a dry sheet or web and forcing the material intothe spaces between the-fibers filling and impregnating the same, anddrying.

9. The art of making paper consisting of forming a web and drying, andapplying a filler in colloidal suspension and forcing such material intothe-sheet or web under high pressure until the pores or spaces betweenthe fibers are filled and impregnated by the filler.

10. The art of making paper consisting of applying a filler in colloidalsuspension to a formed dry sheet or web and forcing such filler into thesheet or web under high pressure, thereby filling and impregnating thespaces between the fibers.

11. The art of making paper consisting of impregnating a formed drysheet or web with a filler consisting of gum arabic, glycerin and waterand a pigment combined into a colloidal solution, the solution beingforced into and impregnating the spaces between the fibers of the sheetby pressure.

12. The art of making paper consisting of filling the spaces between thefibers of a formed dry sheet or web with a colloidal solution consistingof gum arabic, glycerin and water and a pigment. v

13. In the art of making substantially opaque paper which retains itsopacity even when waxed, the steps which comprise passing a web ofpaper, formed of sulphite stock, through a series of drying rolls;applying colloidal material to both sides of the dry web; then passingthe web between a pair of non-yielding steel rolls under high pressure,whereby the colloidal material is forced into the fibers of the paper,substantially closing all spaces or open'i'ngs between i the fibers; andfinally passing the web through a series of drying ro RALPH A. HAYWARD.

